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The single most important number for a ramp is its slope. Too steep and a wheelchair user can’t push up it — or controls it poorly coming down. Measure the total rise from the ground to the top of the threshold, then choose a slope to see how long the ramp needs to be.
ADA ramp rules at a glance
| Requirement | 2010 ADA Standards (§405) |
|---|---|
| Maximum slope | 1:12 — 1 in of rise per 12 in of run (8.33%) |
| Maximum rise per run | 30 in (760 mm) |
| Landings | At top and bottom of each run, at least 60 in (1525 mm) long and as wide as the ramp |
| Clear width | At least 36 in (915 mm) between handrails |
| Handrails | Both sides when rise exceeds 6 in; 34–38 in above the ramp surface |
| Edge protection | Curb or barrier to stop wheels rolling off open sides |
Source: 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design. Private homes aren’t required to follow the ADA, but these dimensions are the best-tested guide for independent wheelchair use.
Quick reference: ramp length by rise (1:12)
| Rise | Ramp run | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 6 in (one step) | 6 ft | No handrails required |
| 12 in | 12 ft | Handrails both sides |
| 18 in | 18 ft | |
| 24 in | 24 ft | |
| 36 in | 36 ft | Two runs + one 5 ft landing |
FAQ
What slope is best for a manual wheelchair at home?
1:12 is the maximum; 1:16 or 1:20 is noticeably easier for someone pushing themselves or for a caregiver pushing a heavier person. Use the gentlest slope your space allows.
Can I use a steeper portable ramp?
Portable ramps at 1:8 or steeper are designed for short rises with a helper or a powered scooter. Check the manufacturer’s weight and slope rating.
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